TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS & FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5TH ED, MARY J.GOOLSBY ISBN-10 1719645930

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TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5TH EDITION, MARY JO GOOLSBY, LAURIE GRUBBS A+ Chapter 1: Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview Multiple Choices: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable? A. Intuitive B. Analytical C. Experiential D. Augenblick Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be: A. Methodical and systematic B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except: A. Chief complaint B. History of the present illness C. Current vital signs D. All of the above are essential history components A+ Page 1 Created By: A Solution Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to: A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions D. Foresee unpredictable findings The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics: A. Evidence-based investigations B. Primary reports of research C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience D. Published meta-analyses The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making: A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article B. Clinical practice guidelines C. Evidence-based research D. All of the above If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a: A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition D. None of the above If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a: A+ Page 2 Created By: A Solution A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a: A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or patients? A. Clinical practice guideline B. Clinical decision rule C. Clinical algorithm D. Clinical recommendation Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A+ ANS: B Page 3 Created By: A Solution Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors. PTS: 1 2. ANS: D To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty. PTS: 1 3. ANS: C Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health history. PTS: 1 4. ANS: D While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings. A+ Page 4