Test Bank for Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology ISBN: 9781719648592 3RD ED Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives

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Created by: A Solution Test Bank for Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology: Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 3rd Edition by Capriotti A+ Chapter 1: The Cell in Health and Illness Multiple Choices: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which statement regarding the sodium-potassium pump is correct? 1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions. 2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment. 3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell compartment. 4. Active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions. 2. Which cellular function generates the same amount of energy in the absence of oxygen as it does in the presence of oxygen? 1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid 2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle 3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A 4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid 3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism? 1. 2 2. 3 3. 34 4. 53 A+ Page 1 Created by: A Solution 4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs? 1. Ribosomes 2. Mitochondria 3. Ribonucleic acids 4. Deoxyribonucleic acids 5. Which option best explains why more energy is produced when a person is exercising? 1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein. 2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells. 3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise. 4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands. 024 6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease? 1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress 2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 3. During severe hypoxia 4. During the processing of prohormone 7. Which cellular components are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs? 1. Cilia 2. Microfilaments 3. Secretory vesicles 4. Endoplasmic reticula A+ Page 2 Created by: A Solution 8. What are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells? 1. Actin and myosin 2. Prohormone and tubulin 3. Tubulin and actin 4. Myosin and prohormone 9. Which deficiency causes Tay-Sachs disease? 1. Proteasome 2. Peroxisome 3. Macrophage 4. Lysosomal enzymes 10. Which of the following is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy? 1. Accumulation of ganglioside 2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis 3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity 4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system 11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct? 1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded. 2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations. 3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system. 4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells. 12. Which statement regarding mitochondria is correct? 1. A+ Mitochondrial DNA is identical to nuclear DNA. Page 3 Created by: A Solution 2. Mitochondria reproduce in response to an increased need for ATP. 3. Mitochondria are primarily obtained from sperm during human fertilization. 4. Mitochondrial DNA is immune to the effects of free radicals. 13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular component is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred? 1. Transfer RNA 2. Ribosomal RNA 3. Double helix of DNA 4. Mitochondrial DNA 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a high, steep mountain. Which option is the reason for these manifestations? 1. Cellular hypoxia 2. Autolysis 3. Heterolysis 4. Cellular edema 15. Which factor accounts for DNA’s unique molecular ability to replicate? 1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases 2. The presence of pyrimidine bases 3. The presence of nucleotides 4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond 16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon? 1. A+ 2 Page 4